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How Andalus fall

Andalus of the greatest civilizations that have passed in the history of Islam and Muslims, a civilization stretched over eight consecutive centuries, these eight centuries beacon that indicates anything, it indicates the finest intellectual and cultural levels reached by the Arabs and Muslims through their history, and at all levels and levels of Medicine to religion to engineering to architecture to the arts to poetry and music to the human sciences to physics, chemistry, biology, astronomy, and many other areas, Arabs in Andalusia are a story in itself, this story is suitable for a lesson and sermon and learning at any time and at any time, the Islamic State in Andalus, is a country of incorporation and then went through the Renaissance sparkle and then fade to a mass finish and fading, and the story of Andalusia summarizes the reasons that assist States to promote and also summarizes the reasons that weaken the power of states and terminate. The fall of Andalusia of the most bitter moments in the history of the Arabs and Muslims, and did not come falling out of the blue, after that this country went through power and grandeur and glamor and prosperity and tender and production, started to weaken gradually, after the weakness of the Umayyad dynasty period in Andalusia, and the beginning of the era of Taifa took life in Last turn of Andalusia, where differences gradually began to slowly grow in this region, where there are several countries and has become a divided state of Andalusia to more than two dozen mini-state. Increased ambitions in Andalusia, especially by Europeans who are waiting for opportunity moment even pounce on this mini-states and eat them slowly, that state stationed appeared where dawned star flag of the flags in the history of Muslims for, a Prince Almurbati Yusuf ibn Yasin, who was able to put an end to the European ambitions in this state and to stationed comprising the state to become part of it, where it fought several battles with them the most famous battle of the slide. After a period of time were able Unitarian state coup stationed on the state and end, and this state of rule of Andalusia stationed moved to the State of the monotheists, who also managed to defend the Al-Andalus period of time that the State of the Unitarian fell in the famous Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa. After this the state of Bani Red was founded in Granada, where this is the last stage before the final fall of the Islamic state in Andalusia, and punishing rule several kings of the children of the Red, that finally fell at the hands of Fernando II in 1492 AD. Is the story of the fall of Andalusia can serve as a lesson and a living example of what caused conflict and division between brothers

Why name the Arabian Gulf that name

Water separating the seas and oceans and continents counter to form the so-called Gulf, and the Gulf is a semi-enclosed body of water is carried out through the Strait of the sea or the ocean and there are thousands of bays scattered on the ground, and in the Arab region there is also the most famous bays and the Arabian Gulf. The Arab Gulf is located above the Arabian Peninsula, which the Arab Gulf is that body of water which is limited in the north and east of the Arabian Peninsula and the Persian Gulf called this name because most of the countries, which overlooks and oversees the Gulf are the Arab countries, and from countries which oversees on the Arabian Gulf is the Sultanate of Oman, the United Arab Emirates, the Kingdom of Bahrain and Qatar, and Saudi Arabia and Kuwait and Iraq. If we have noted that countries which oversees the Gulf Arab countries, which are the seven states any territorial waters in the Gulf is an Arab water and there is no other goal to label the Persian Gulf without his name and the Persian Gulf belongs to the Arabs. Among countries which owns a third of the Arabian Gulf area is the state of Iran . Where Iran is trying hard to impose the name of the Persian Gulf instead of Persian Gulf name Kmsmy certified advocated by all States. But their attempts ended in failure in many countries have recognized the name of the Arab Gulf instead of the Persian Gulf, and because of that Iran recognizes the Persian Gulf Kkhalij owned and is taught in the curriculum Aldarcyh that the Gulf is Persian, not Arabic. In the history of ancient civilizations, this was the Gulf is witnessing a lot of business trips that runs from the civilizations of the Gulf of Persia and India and the Gulf saw several labels and, most notably the Gulf of Chaldeans proportion to the civilization of the Chaldeans, and the Persian Gulf proportion of Persia, and also called the South Sea synonymous the top of the sea and is the Mediterranean, but in the Ottoman era, His Highness the Gulf of Basra, the proportion of Basra, Iraq, which was occupied by a strong position in the Ottoman era, and remember that the only port that implements the Arabian Gulf to the Indian Ocean is the Strait of Hormuz and called Behrmz proportion of the city Hormozgan which lies on the western side of the Arabian Gulf, and a lot of hatred of the Arabs and the Arab countries called some States against Iran to the Persian Gulf as the Persian Gulf, although the total area of ​​the water preponderant hangs in the Arab countries

What is the Geneva Conference

Numerous conferences (Geneva), and a variety of subjects, and the reasons for which were held, but they are in their entirety in the service of man and issues which are being pursued around the world. Geneva Conference in 1954: the reasons for holding the conference to reconcile the views among the countries that participated in the "Korea" war, and to discuss Chinese issues India, and resulted in those talks for the inclusion of the two documents, namely: 1.oagaf immediate cease-fire, and the France and Vietnam, North signed the document. 2.osdr a final statement, but the United States refused to China's participation in the signing of the People, and therefore did not sign a statement on the participation of countries. The armistice agreement between North Vietnam and France signed not only these two parties as the main belligerents in the region, the document included several items, the most important of which: 1. an immediate cease-fire, and to identify the temporary armistice lines until the holding of general elections in the country. 2. regroup and organize the warring forces, with a time of gathering and organizing the program in the regions and the interior, and within a time period not to exceed 300 days from the date of entry into force of the cease-fire agreement, and regulatory operations are concentrated in two main areas:. French troops south of the selected line, and Vietnamese troops in the north. 3. Working to prevent one of the parties to supply warships from abroad, and work to prevent the establishment of rules Gscrih "foreign" in Vietnam. 4. Work on the withdrawal of any supplies or supplies or troops from the moment they start the operation of the agreement and its application on the ground. 5. determine the date of May 18 for the selection of the Vietnamese citizens, the region where they want to live, that manages the civil affairs of a party which meets troops in the region. 6. the establishment of an international commission to monitor the ceasefire between the two parties (I.S.C), The Committee consists of representatives from India, Canada, Poland, and chaired by the Indian delegate. 7. Do not allow any military or civilian to cross the ceasefire line, but after receiving a permit issued by the Joint Commission. Among the most important texts is the holding of general elections in Vietnam, according to item 14 of the Convention, and set the date for holding the elections on July 20, 1956, so as to unification. Geneva Conference 1973: The main objective of this conference, is the sternal Palestinian settlement, and specifically after the evolution of conflicts in the region during the setback in 1967. The Israeli government has tried to put obstacles to hold the conference at the time, according to Security Council resolutions and which provided for the convening of the conference on October 22, 1973, and because of those contrived by Israel obstacles Conference has not been held only two months after the passage of history, and was a delay because of Israel's position on the conference in addition to differences have evolved within the Israeli government about the conference. Obstacles Israel by raising them, Israeli prisoners in Syria problem, and their refusal to engage any delegation representing the Palestinian people at the conference, as well as the Zionist entity government rejected the involvement of Britain and France at the conference, rejected the presence of the European intervention in it, and that the role of the United Nations at the conference the role of "honorary "limited, to be held under the supervision of the two superpowers. Because of these obstacles, has been holding the conference at the European headquarters of the United Nations, headed by the secretary-general of the United Nations, and ended with the results of the conference by a majority of ten votes, while the United States, Britain, France and the Soviet Union abstained from voting, and not to China's participation in the voting process, where the decision was made under No. 344 which provides for the talks between the parties to the conflict in the Middle East. There were another problem on the surface, which is Syria's failure to participate in the conference, and the statement issued by the Syrian government stipulates that Syria is ready to participate in any serious effort to implement 338 decision issued by the United Nations, which provides for an immediate cease-fire and start racing peace talks under international supervision. Syrian statement added that Syria refuses to enter into a stir through the Geneva Conference to Conference (deception), the maneuvers Israel transferred to the attention of the Conference side issues, ignoring his primary goal which is the implementation of resolution 338. Geneva Conference 2012: holding this conference to discuss the establishment of a transitional government in Syria after the overthrow of the regime there! Geneva humanitarian conference and generated by the creation of the International Red Cross, and broke away from that organization Red Crescent Societies, which works on human assistance without regard to color, sex, race and affiliations. References: Encyclopedia of the Vietnam War. Settlement of the Palestinian issue projects. Middle East BBC.

The first siege in history

 looked first for a long siege in history, derogatory always Rahala when the longest siege in history, in the pre-Christmas, and at the time of the Babylonian king (Nebuchadnezzar). The first siege in history, is the same as the longest siege in history, heroes Babylonian King Nebuchadnezzar, and the Canaanite city of Tyre, where the spread of this blockade for up to thirteen years (585-572 BC). Nebuchadnezzar (King stubborn), so tell me after it was launched in stages siege to the city of Tyre, without surrender, and remained stationed around the city to drop. Nebuchadnezzar, is the eldest son of Nabopolassar, who dropped Nineveh, the capital of the Assyrian Empire. Before taking victory of King Nebuchadnezzar, he led the Chaldeans to defeat the Assyrians again after the defeat of his father to them, and has to defeat Pharaohs and Assyrians in battle (Carchemish) in 605 BC, and later managed to take control of several areas, including (Syria) and (Phoenicia), and wrung out of the hands of the Assyrians after their defeat. In the same year his father died, King Nabopolassar, is to turn back to the king of Babylon and placed them legally. After it became the property of successive conquests and victories Nebuchadnezzar, to stretch from Syria and Judah, until they reached the borders of Egypt, and specifically to the City (Gaza) south of the current Palestine, where he defeated then called with (Egyptian Babylonian war). Nebuchadnezzar did not bear to inflict devastation or destruction of cities by the shooting down or control them, but rather only to impose tribute, and was keen to impose regularly paid to cities that impose the control. Has not lived up to the king of Judah, try the insurgency, hence the kingdom of Judah decided disobedience against Babylon and Mena (Nebuchadnezzar), so he Nebuchadnezzar turn the siege of Jerusalem, the capital of the kingdom of Judah, and defeated the Egyptians who endowed for the defense of the kingdom of Judah, the Babylonians continued siege of the kingdom of Judah full about , where they were able later to infiltrate Jerusalem, the capital, and moved in and carried away most of the population and including King and caused havoc in the city, and burnt the Temple of Solomon, and so victory Nebuchadnezzar put an end to the reign of David strain on Jerusalem and the kingdom of Judah year (587 BC. M ) . It was not the kingdom of Judah are the only ones that objected to the payment of tribute to Nebuchadnezzar, but was the first to rebel against this, and followed by City (Photos Canaanite), on Alfwerkam Nebuchadnezzar crawl and the siege imposed on them, supposing him that the siege will not be long for more than a year Like the kingdom of Judah, but the extended blockade of up to thirteen years, the longest siege in the history of the city, and the siege ended with the acquiescence of the Canaanites to dominate the Babylonian, but will not deny it was a bacillus. As usual, the Kings to show their heroism and patience with the difficulties and challenge any obstacle in their way, were to Nebuchadnezzar his remarks about the siege of the city of Tyre, without it in one of the ancient panels that were found, he said that he has been able to isolate the king villain and his defeat, and chart the way Photos between the mountains, and distracting the population of the wicked to the ground four directions, and the king to choose her. Tyre: City Middle Eastern coastal, located on the shore of the Mediterranean Sea, and is one of the months old world cities throughout history, to enable the monopoly of maritime trade and control in the Phoenician era, and had a great role in spreading the religions of the ancient world, and put an end to the advance of Alexander the Great and his Mqhumicha, in addition to parking and addressing the Babylonians in the siege for many years. We read for (Zechariah), last of the prophets in the sixth century to say about the city of Tyre, describing what it was during the years of the siege of Nebuchadnezzar by: Pictures may girl fortress for herself, and heaped up silver like dust, and gold as an Adobe markets, it is, Mr. (Lord) inherits , and it hits the power in the sea and is eaten with fire. Zakaria describes the power of pictures and immunity to resist the Babylonians and the long siege. Sources: - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. - Between the fire and the sea, the Arab magazine

The importance of the Suez Canal

In the name of God and prayer and peace be upon the Messenger of Allah. After, The Suez Canal is an artificial canal linking the Mediterranean Sea, and the Gulf of Suez, which connects the Red Sea. This channel is located in the north-eastern side of Egypt, they are from the land of Egypt sentence. Suez Canal is an artificial isthmus separating the Egyptian territories, which are located in Asia, and the Egyptian territories, which are located in the continent of Africa. This channel is going through in several Egyptian provinces, namely: Port Said province bordering the Mediterranean Sea, and the province of Ismailia, Suez and counties bordering the Gulf of Suez, which connects the Red Sea. Digging of the Suez Canal operations began in the mid-nineteenth century, specifically in 1859, after conducting a number of studies and research on this great project, with the knowledge that the idea of ​​creating this channel were not the result of that period, but go back for centuries. And continued drilling operations for 10 years, where he worked more than 30 thousand workers to dig the channel, and most of the Egyptians. Has been completed excavated in 1869, it was inaugurated in the same year. The length of the Suez Canal, about 190 kilometers, with a depth of almost 24 meters. The display surface in the north, amounts to about 345 meters, while the bottom width of about 215 meters. In the south the surface amounts to about 280 m in width, while the bottom width of about 195 meters. The Suez Canal, a commercial and economic importance is very large, where thousands of ships pass each year, and the benefits of this channel it enabled ships coming from America, and Europe, to reach the Indian Ocean and the trend towards Asia the shortest ways. After digging this channel dispensed with such ships on the long road that was passing through it previously, a Cape of Good Hope, and therefore it may be provided by this new channel a lot of time and costs. The ships coming from Asia and the Arabian Peninsula benefited from this channel also, in the short cut to get to Europe, and America. And the Suez Canal great economic importance for Egypt, Valguenah does not belong to the private sector, but the Egyptian government-owned, and take advantage of its revenues, since those revenues that comes from them is considerable, Vairadadtha have achieved in 2013, the highest level in the history of the channel, which reported 37 billion pounds Egyptian; or approximately US $ 5 billion.

stone Age

It came in (Dictionary meanings) definition of the Stone Age that: "From the first centuries of human civilization, where he was the first man drags uses made of stones." It was the beginning of the Stone Age, or the so-called prehistoric age, since man found on this earth, was his tools and weapons are all made of stone, where he Ptkotaiaha and divided and carved himself, has inscriptions and the effects of many dating back to the era in many regions of the world. It began the Stone Age in Europe, Asia and Africa by two million a year, and inevitably followed later in the rest of the ground, where he continued to Southeast Asia and the Middle East until the year 6000 BC, while in the European continent and the rest of Asia, parts, stayed for around the year 4000 BC, and ended this era Circa 2500 BC from the Americas. As a result of changing climatic conditions, which in turn influenced human culture, split the Stone Age into three: 1. Paleolithic: where a person depends on fishing, mobility and making tools of stone and bone periods, but also learn a campfire, and it was this era is the longest between periods. 2. Neolithic: learn where agriculture and domestication of animals. Tools have evolved as making spears and needles, and also take painted in caves experienced. 3. era stone and minerals: you know in this day and age and how the metals melted down, So it was used metallic copper, bronze, iron and beyond discovered and used it also. Most of the Stone Age fees that are found in the caves were talking about animals, perhaps because they Kunhal faze human being that age, or for being a delicacy to him, or to his mystique as a powerful force in the challenged and overcome. Download this day and age a lot of exciting and amazing graphics, which represent a man ram an arrow, engraved on the rocks. The variation in the earth climate in the Stone Age time from one area to another, and the different plants and animals as well, all of that made a variety of opportunities and challenges for the development of shale human performance, and the development of traditional culture. The impact of the New Stone Age human. When compared to the old Stone Age. We find a few creations, with the exception of some ceramics, it was the Old clear impact on the works of man from the list of columns and buildings did not know the purpose of their construction and functions to this day. Sources: 1. Dictionary meanings. 2. Wikipedia. 3. forum for scientific, literary and speeches Alahbut self and ready to walk. 4. Will Durant. The Story of Civilization. Zaki Naguib Mahmoud translation.